{"id":2421,"date":"2024-10-28T03:12:01","date_gmt":"2024-10-28T03:12:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.winsonda.com\/?p=2421"},"modified":"2024-10-28T03:12:01","modified_gmt":"2024-10-28T03:12:01","slug":"overview-of-low-temperature-evaporation-technology","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.winsonda.com\/tr\/overview-of-low-temperature-evaporation-technology\/","title":{"rendered":"D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck S\u0131cakl\u0131k Buharla\u015ft\u0131rma Teknolojisine Genel Bak\u0131\u015f: Prensipler ve Uygulamalar"},"content":{"rendered":"

D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131kta buharla\u015ft\u0131rma teknolojisi<\/a><\/strong> verimli ve enerji tasarruflu bir buharla\u015ft\u0131rma y\u00f6ntemidir. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131kta buharla\u015ft\u0131rma, genellikle 35 ila 50 \u00b0C aras\u0131nda bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131na sahip bir buharla\u015ft\u0131rma i\u015flemini ifade eder. \u00d6zellikle y\u00fcksek konsantrasyonlu, y\u00fcksek tuz i\u00e7erikli veya \u0131s\u0131ya duyarl\u0131 maddeler i\u00e7eren \u00e7\u00f6zeltilerin i\u015flenmesi i\u00e7in uygundur. Temel prensibi, buharla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7indeki bas\u0131nc\u0131 azaltmak i\u00e7in bir vakum pompas\u0131 kullanmak, b\u00f6ylece \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin kaynama noktas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmek ve b\u00f6ylece buharla\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n nispeten d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bir s\u0131cakl\u0131kta ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilebilmesidir.<\/p>\n

D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131k buharla\u015ft\u0131rma teknolojisinin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma prensibi:<\/h2>\n

\u00d6n \u0131s\u0131tma: Bu ad\u0131m tamamen otomatiktir. Ham su kovas\u0131 orta s\u0131v\u0131 seviyesine ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, su pompas\u0131 vakum olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r, buharla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 otomatik olarak suyla dolar ve kompres\u00f6r buharla\u015ft\u0131rma tank\u0131ndaki at\u0131k suyu \u0131s\u0131tmak i\u00e7in \u0131s\u0131 \u00fcretmek \u00fczere \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Vakum alt\u0131nda, at\u0131k su s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k 30 \u00b0C'ye y\u00fckselir, at\u0131k su buharla\u015fmaya ba\u015flar ve \u00f6n \u0131s\u0131tma tamamlan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Buharla\u015ft\u0131rma ve konsantrasyon i\u015flemi: Buharla\u015ft\u0131rma s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 35-40 \u00b0C'ye ayarlan\u0131r, kompres\u00f6r \u0131s\u0131 \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in so\u011futucuyu s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r ve su h\u0131zla buharla\u015f\u0131rken, so\u011futucu genle\u015fme vanas\u0131ndan gazla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra so\u011futmak i\u00e7in \u0131s\u0131y\u0131 emer, buhar y\u00fckselir ve s\u0131v\u0131la\u015fmak ve su depolama tank\u0131na girmek i\u00e7in so\u011fuk s\u0131v\u0131yla bulu\u015fur, so\u011futucu \u0131s\u0131y\u0131 emer ve at\u0131k suyu yeniden \u0131s\u0131tmak i\u00e7in kompres\u00f6r taraf\u0131ndan s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r ve \u0131s\u0131t\u0131l\u0131r. Buharla\u015fma i\u015flemi s\u0131ras\u0131nda kabarc\u0131klar y\u00fckselirse, sens\u00f6r bunu alg\u0131lar ve kabarc\u0131klar\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rmak i\u00e7in otomatik olarak k\u00f6p\u00fck \u00f6nleyici eklenir. Bir d\u00f6ng\u00fc tamamland\u0131ktan sonra, konsantre bo\u015falt\u0131lmaya ba\u015flar (bir d\u00f6ng\u00fcn\u00fcn s\u00fcresi ayarlanabilir).<\/p>\n

Konsantre de\u015farj\u0131: Bir buharla\u015ft\u0131rma \u00e7evrimi tamamland\u0131ktan sonra, s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma pompas\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 durdurur, konsantre boru hatt\u0131n\u0131n pn\u00f6matik valfi a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r, buharla\u015ft\u0131rma tank\u0131 bas\u0131n\u00e7land\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r ve konsantre, konsantre variline preslenir.<\/p>\n

\"D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck<\/p>\n

D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131k buharla\u015ft\u0131rma teknolojisinin prensibi ve \u00f6zellikleri:<\/h2>\n

Vakum dekompresyonu: Buharla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7indeki gaz, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 bir ortam olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in bir vakum pompas\u0131yla \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131r. Kaynama noktas\u0131 bas\u0131n\u00e7la orant\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011fundan, bas\u0131nc\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmek \u00e7\u00f6zeltinin kaynama noktas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrebilir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, standart atmosfer bas\u0131nc\u0131 alt\u0131nda suyun kaynama noktas\u0131 100\u00b0C'dir, ancak vakum ortam\u0131nda kaynama noktas\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131k 30\u00b0C ila 40\u00b0C'ye d\u00fc\u015febilir.<\/p>\n

Buharla\u015fma ve yo\u011funla\u015fma: D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 bir ortamda, \u00e7\u00f6zelti buharla\u015fmaya ba\u015flar ve buhar \u00fcretir. Buhar\u0131n bu k\u0131sm\u0131 daha sonra kondansat\u00f6re verilir, burada so\u011futulur ve tekrar s\u0131v\u0131 hale yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r, b\u00f6ylece \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fc ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnen maddenin ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 sa\u011flan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Buhar s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma ve yeniden kullan\u0131m: Baz\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131k buharla\u015ft\u0131rma sistemlerinde, buhar kompres\u00f6r taraf\u0131ndan daha fazla s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r, bu da buhar\u0131n s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve bas\u0131nc\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rarak, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcn di\u011fer k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 \u0131s\u0131tmak i\u00e7in bir \u0131s\u0131 kayna\u011f\u0131 olarak sistemde geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesine olanak tan\u0131r. Bu buhar yeniden s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma teknolojisi, sistemin enerji verimlili\u011fini \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde art\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Enerji tasarrufu \u00f6zellikleri: D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131k buharla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131, kompres\u00f6r arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00fckselttikten sonra buharla\u015ft\u0131rma i\u015flemi s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00fcretilen d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131k buhar\u0131n\u0131 yeniden kullanmak i\u00e7in d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131k \u0131s\u0131 pompalar\u0131n\u0131n prensibini kullan\u0131r, bu da ek \u0131s\u0131 enerjisinin t\u00fcketimini b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde azalt\u0131r. Geleneksel buharla\u015ft\u0131rma teknolojisiyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, i\u015fletme maliyetlerini \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde azaltabilir.<\/p>\n

Is\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fimi: Is\u0131 enerjisinin bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 geri kazanmak ve enerji verimlili\u011fini daha da art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in genellikle buharla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131ya bir \u0131s\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirici yerle\u015ftirilir.<\/p>\n

\"LT<\/p>\n

D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck S\u0131cakl\u0131k Buharla\u015ft\u0131rma Teknolojisinin Uygulama Durumu<\/h2>\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde end\u00fcstriyel at\u0131k s\u0131v\u0131 ar\u0131t\u0131m\u0131nda fiziksel ve kimyasal y\u00f6ntemler, membran ar\u0131t\u0131m\u0131, y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131kta dam\u0131tma, biyokimyasal ar\u0131t\u0131m, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131kta buharla\u015ft\u0131rma ve di\u011fer ar\u0131t\u0131m y\u00f6ntemleri yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131kta buharla\u015ft\u0131rma sisteminin avantajlar\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131kta buharla\u015ft\u0131rma, \u00f6l\u00e7ek \u00fcretmenin kolay olmamas\u0131, \u00e7ok k\u0131sa i\u015flem zinciri, basit ekipman \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131, y\u00fcksek otomasyon derecesi, daha y\u00fcksek konsantrasyon verimlili\u011fi, daha rahat bak\u0131md\u0131r ve end\u00fcstriyel at\u0131k s\u0131v\u0131 ar\u0131t\u0131m\u0131nda, at\u0131k s\u0131v\u0131 konsantrasyonunda, at\u0131k s\u0131v\u0131 kaynak kullan\u0131m\u0131nda, \u00f6zel at\u0131k s\u0131v\u0131 ar\u0131t\u0131m\u0131nda vb. iyi bir \u015fekilde uygulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

A. \u00c7\u00f6p s\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131 suyu konsantrasyonu: \u00c7\u00f6p s\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131 suyu, y\u00fcksek COD konsantrasyonu, y\u00fcksek kroma, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc koku ve zor ar\u0131t\u0131m \u00f6zelliklerine sahip y\u00fcksek konsantrasyonlu organik at\u0131k s\u0131v\u0131d\u0131r. \u015eu anda, ters ozmoz (RO) teknolojisi, hala y\u00fcksek tuz, y\u00fcksek kroma, y\u00fcksek COD ve zor biyolojik bozunma i\u00e7eren RO konsantresi \u00fcreten ve at\u0131k s\u0131v\u0131 ar\u0131tma hacminin yakla\u015f\u0131k 20% ila 50%'sini olu\u015fturan ar\u0131tma i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

S\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131 suyu konsantresi vakumlu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131k buharla\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 ile daha da yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. \u0130norganik tuzlar ve u\u00e7ucu maddeler buhara girer ve baz\u0131 u\u00e7ucu olmayan kirleticiler, a\u011f\u0131r metaller, kat\u0131 safs\u0131zl\u0131klar ve di\u011fer maddeler konsantrede kal\u0131r. Konsantre santrif\u00fcjl\u00fc ay\u0131rma, filtre presleme ve di\u011fer \u00f6nlemlerle daha da azalt\u0131l\u0131r. S\u0131v\u0131, dola\u015f\u0131ml\u0131 buharla\u015ft\u0131rma i\u00e7in d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131k buharla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n ucuna geri d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr ve \u00fcretilen kondensat de\u015farj veya yeniden kullan\u0131m standartlar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131k buharla\u015ft\u0131rma ar\u0131tma teknolojisinden sonra, su s\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131 suyundan ayr\u0131l\u0131r, u\u00e7ucu organik asitler, amonyak ve u\u00e7ucu hidrokarbonlar buharla birlikte kondensata girer ve inorganik maddeler, a\u011f\u0131r metaller ve \u00e7o\u011fu organik madde kalan konsantrede kal\u0131r. Kondensattaki COD, TDS ve NH3-N i\u00e7eriklerinin hepsi azal\u0131r. Buharla\u015ft\u0131rma i\u015flemi s\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131 suyunu orijinal hacmin yakla\u015f\u0131k 2% ila 10%'sine kadar yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131rabilir.<\/p>\n

B. Tehlikeli at\u0131k s\u0131v\u0131 konsantrasyonu: \u015eu anda, end\u00fcstri taraf\u0131ndan \u00fcretilen tehlikeli at\u0131k s\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131 esas olarak mekanik i\u015fleme at\u0131k s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131, elektrokaplama at\u0131k s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131, kesme s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131, temizleme at\u0131k s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131, floresan at\u0131k s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131 ve di\u011fer at\u0131k s\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7erir ve bunlar\u0131n bile\u015fenleri genellikle "Ulusal Tehlikeli At\u0131k Listesi"nde a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtilen bile\u015fenleri i\u00e7erir. \u015eu anda, ana y\u00f6ntem bertaraf\u0131 bertaraf yeterliliklerine sahip \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc taraf bir i\u015fletmeye d\u0131\u015f kaynak olarak yapt\u0131rmakt\u0131r. At\u0131k, d\u0131\u015far\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131nmadan \u00f6nce d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131kta buharla\u015ft\u0131rma ile i\u015flenirse, tehlikeli end\u00fcstriyel at\u0131k s\u0131v\u0131 bertaraf\u0131n\u0131n maliyetinden ve enerji t\u00fcketiminden b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde tasarruf sa\u011flanabilir.<\/p>\n

Tehlikeli at\u0131k s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n konsantrasyonu ve azalt\u0131lmas\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131kta buharla\u015ft\u0131rma teknolojisi kullan\u0131l\u0131r. At\u0131k s\u0131v\u0131 konsantrasyon oran\u0131 75%'ye ula\u015f\u0131r, konsantre s\u0131v\u0131daki safs\u0131zl\u0131k konsantrasyonu 80%'dir ve at\u0131k s\u0131v\u0131daki kirleticiler iyi bir \u015fekilde uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

C. K\u00f6m\u00fcr kimya end\u00fcstrisinde y\u00fcksek tuzlu ve par\u00e7alanmas\u0131 zor organik at\u0131k s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131: K\u00f6m\u00fcr kimyasal at\u0131k s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131 genellikle y\u00fcksek COD, y\u00fcksek tuz i\u00e7eri\u011fi, par\u00e7alanmas\u0131 zor ve toksik maddeler \u00f6zelliklerine sahiptir. Baz\u0131 y\u00fczey aktif maddeler g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc lipofilisite, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc em\u00fclsifikasyon ve dispersiyon yetene\u011fi, kararl\u0131 \u00f6zellikler ve par\u00e7alanmas\u0131 kolay olmama ile karakterize edilir. Konsantre ana lik\u00f6r buharla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r ve kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k tuz \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in kristalle\u015ftirilir. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131ktaki buharla\u015ft\u0131rma sistemi, ana lik\u00f6r\u00fc kristalle\u015ftirmek ve kurutmak i\u00e7in sonunda tan\u0131t\u0131labilir ve bu da k\u00f6m\u00fcr kimya end\u00fcstrisinde s\u0131f\u0131r y\u00fcksek tuzlu at\u0131k su de\u015farj\u0131 sa\u011flayabilir.<\/p>\n

D. Petrol sahas\u0131 at\u0131k s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ar\u0131t\u0131m\u0131: A\u011f\u0131r petrol at\u0131k s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131 y\u00fcksek ya\u011f i\u00e7eri\u011fi, y\u00fcksek ask\u0131da madde ve y\u00fcksek mineralizasyon \u00f6zelliklerine sahiptir. Genellikle, ya\u011f-su ayr\u0131m\u0131 bobin \u0131s\u0131tmas\u0131 ile ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilir. Gerekli \u0131s\u0131 genellikle kazan taraf\u0131ndan sa\u011flan\u0131r. Kazan yanmas\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarda y\u00fcksek kaliteli su temini gerektirir. Belirli bir s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011fa kadar \u0131s\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f su, \u0131s\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fimi i\u00e7in bobine girer. Sahada su elde etmek zordur. Genellikle, buharla\u015ft\u0131rma i\u015flemi petrol sahas\u0131 at\u0131k s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fcksek kaliteli kazan besleme suyuna buharla\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Bu sadece petrol sahas\u0131 suyunun ar\u0131t\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmekle kalmaz, ayn\u0131 zamanda kazanlar i\u00e7in y\u00fcksek kaliteli su kaynaklar\u0131 sa\u011flayarak iyi bir kaynak geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc ve yeniden kullan\u0131m modeli olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n

D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131kta buharla\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131, petrol ve gaz sahas\u0131 kanalizasyon istasyonlar\u0131n\u0131, y\u00fcksek tuzlu ve y\u00fcksek sertlikte a\u011f\u0131r petrol at\u0131k sular\u0131n\u0131 ve y\u00fcksek k\u00fck\u00fcrtl\u00fc gaz sahas\u0131 at\u0131k s\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 ar\u0131tmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131n. Ar\u0131tmadan sonra a\u011f\u0131r petrol at\u0131k s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n silika konsantrasyonu \u2264 50 mg\/L, ya\u011f i\u00e7eri\u011fi \u2264 2,0 mg\/L'dir ve buharla\u015ft\u0131rma ile elde edilen dam\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f suyun iletkenli\u011fi sadece 17\u03bcS\/cm'dir ve bu da kazan besleme suyu gereksinimlerini kar\u015f\u0131lar. K\u00fck\u00fcrt i\u00e7eren at\u0131k s\u0131v\u0131, kompozit alkali, koag\u00fclant ve flok\u00fclant eklenerek yumu\u015fat\u0131l\u0131r ve derin ar\u0131tma, termal geri kazan\u0131m kazanlar\u0131nda yeniden kullan\u0131l\u0131r. S\u0131f\u0131r de\u015farj, makul planlama ve di\u011fer su ar\u0131tma prosesleriyle kombinasyon yoluyla elde edilir. Ek olarak, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131kta buharla\u015ft\u0131rma teknolojisi, y\u00fcksek tuzlu at\u0131k s\u0131v\u0131, at\u0131k sondaj s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131, k\u0131r\u0131lma d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131 ve sondaj i\u015flemi s\u0131ras\u0131nda olu\u015fan di\u011fer at\u0131k s\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131 ar\u0131tmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Ar\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f su, "Kapsaml\u0131 At\u0131k Su De\u015farj Standard\u0131"ndaki ilgili standartlar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layabilir.<\/p>\n

E. \u00d6zel at\u0131k s\u0131v\u0131 ar\u0131t\u0131m\u0131: D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131kta buharla\u015ft\u0131rma, boya at\u0131k s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131, kesme s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131, at\u0131k em\u00fclsiyon, ince kimyasal at\u0131k s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131 ve elektrokaplama at\u0131k s\u0131v\u0131s\u0131 gibi \u00f6zel at\u0131k s\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n ar\u0131t\u0131m\u0131nda da kullan\u0131l\u0131r. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00fcretim hacmi, par\u00e7alanmas\u0131 zor organik kirleticilerin y\u00fcksek i\u00e7eri\u011fi, karma\u015f\u0131k bile\u015fim ve ar\u0131t\u0131m zorlu\u011fu \u00f6zellikleri nedeniyle fiziksel ve kimyasal y\u00f6ntemlerin ve membran ar\u0131t\u0131m y\u00f6ntemlerinin kullan\u0131m\u0131 uzun bir proses ak\u0131\u015f\u0131na, s\u0131k bak\u0131m ve onar\u0131ma ve y\u00fcksek ar\u0131t\u0131m maliyetlerine sahiptir.<\/p>\n

F. At\u0131k s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n kaynak kullan\u0131m\u0131: D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131kta buharla\u015ft\u0131rma, at\u0131k s\u0131v\u0131 kaynak kullan\u0131m\u0131nda esas olarak at\u0131k asit ar\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 ve a\u011f\u0131r metal geri kazan\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r, bu da \u00e7evre kirlili\u011fini azalt\u0131r ve belirli bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde kaynak geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirir ve \u00e7evre koruma i\u015flemi i\u00e7in ulusal gereklilikleri kar\u015f\u0131lar.<\/p>\n

Bak\u0131r i\u00e7eren nitrik asit at\u0131k asidi ve titanyum i\u00e7eren nitrik asit ve hidroflorik asit at\u0131k asidi i\u00e7in, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131kta \u0131s\u0131tma, nitrik asit veya hidroflorik asit ve at\u0131k asitteki suyun gaza d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesi i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r ve buharla\u015fan asit gaz\u0131 so\u011futulur ve yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak nitrik asit veya hidroflorik asit rejenerasyon asidi olu\u015fturulur.<\/p>\n